A Brief Overview of the TITLE 24 ENERGY EFFICIENCY CODE
by Mark Gallant, CEPE
Gallant Energy Consulting
Title 24 Energy Calculations
Title 24
When?
1973 Oil Embargo
Why?
An acute awareness of need to conserve energy
Who?
California Energy Commission
What?
1978 Title 24 Energy Regulations
California Energy Commission
Goal
Save Energy through ConservationResult
Nation’s Most Innovative and Successful Energy Efficiency Programs California ranks 6th out of the 50 states in per capita energy savings. Overall energy use per household has actually dropped since 1980.Heating and cooling now cost 75% less than in older homes due to the new standards.
Comfort
Economic AdvantagesHomeowner saves $$
State economy more stable
State exports technologies and expertise
Avoid building more power plants
Environmental Health
Avoid air pollution, and potential spills
Reduce contribution to global warming
Energy Efficiency
Since 1977, energy savings of more than $11 billionBy 2011, savings can grow to more than $43 billion: enough energy to power the entire state of Texas for one year.
Significant source of funds for other economic activities within the state.
California benefits from:
· Energy security
· Improved air quality & cleaner environment
· Improved economic position
· Preserved natural resources
Homeowners & tenants will experience:
· Quieter, more comfortable buildings
· Stabilized, lower monthly energy bills
· Long-term cost savings
Assuring Our Future
By the Year 2013 with Current Standards
Avoid Building Power Plants
21 power plants the size of
the now closed Rancho Seco
Nuclear Power Plant (800 MW)
(Total of 16,500 megawatts)
Reduce Environmental Pollution
Energy savings reduce
carbon emissions by
approximately 1,350,000 tons.
Reduce Dependence on Fossil Fuels
Lessens California’s
vulnerability to imported oil prices.
Compliance with Title 24
1. Choose Compliance Option (Performance)
2. Meet appropriate Mandatory Measures (MF-1R)
Must appear on plans
3. Complete Certificate of Compliance (CF-1R)
Must appear on plans
4. Complete Installation Certificate (CF-2R)
Post at job site (e.g. in the garage)
5. Complete Insulation Certificate (IC-1)
Post at job site (e.g. in the garage)
6. Deliver a Home Owner’s Manual to the owner
Include CF-1R, MF-1R, CF-2R, IC-1
Certificate of Compliance (CF-1R)
BUILDING SHELL INSULATION
R-ValueIndicates how well a material prevents heat from flowing through it.
A Higher R-Value is more energy efficient
U-Factor
A measure of how much heat travels through an assembly or material.
A Lower U-Factor is more energy efficient
SHGC
SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) is a measure of the effectiveness of a
fenestration product or window covering to stop solar gains through
the window.
A Lower SHGC is more energy efficient
FENESTRATION
A Fenestration Product is any transparent or translucent material plus any sash, frame and dividers, in the envelope of a building, including, but not limited to: windows, sliding glass doors, french doors, skylights, curtain walls, and garden windows.Fenestration products account for up to 50 percent of residential space conditioning energy.
NFRC* U-Factor / SHGC
The fenestration product installer should be sure the products have the temporary label on the center of the glazing which meets the compliance requirements (CF-1R). The temporary label must remain on the product until the field inspector has inspected it.
* National Fenestration Rating Council
THERMAL MASS
Thermal mass is a solid or liquid material used to store heat for later heating use or for reducing cooling requirements.
The more mass a building has, the slower its interior temperatures
will change.
Examples of thermal mass include, but not limited to: Hard surfaced slab floors, masonry walls and fireplaces, gyp board walls and ceilings in excess of 1/2 inch thickness, and tile counter-tops and shower walls.
Table G-15 lists recommendations on when it is appropriate to take credit for a particular mass material.
The intent of these guidelines is to prevent taking thermal mass credit for floor materials that are unlikely to be covered with carpeting at the time of building occupancy
HVAC SYSTEMS
Heating System Efficiency
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) The standard AFUE for gas furnaces is 80%. Non-central units such as gas wall furnaces may have a lower AFUE rating.
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) The standard HSPF for electric heat pumps is 6.8. Electric baseboard heating and radiant panels have a lower HSPF rating.
Cooling System Efficiency
Seasonal Efficiency Ratio (SEER) The standard SEER for both air conditioners and heat pumps is 13.0. Non-central units such as room heat pumps may have a lower SEER rating.
A higher HVAC efficiency rating is more energy efficient
WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
Water heater energy use accounts for about a quarter of California’s total residential energy consumption.
Energy Factor (EF) It is the ratio of energy output to energy consumption of a water heater, expressed in equivalent units, under designated operating conditions over a 24-hour use cycle. The standard EF is 0.575. The energy factor takes into account the effects of the water heater’s internal insulation.
Recovery Efficiency (large storage tank water heaters) It is the measure of the percentage of heat from combustion of gas or oil which is transferred to the water. The standard Recovery Efficiency is 76%.
A higher Water Heater efficiency rating is more energy efficient
External Insulation R-Value
An external water heater blanket is mandatory if the R-value listed on the CF-1R is greater than zero even if the water heater has internal insulation.
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: RESIDENTIAL Page 1 CF-1R
===============================================================================
Project Title.......... Sample SF Subdivision Date........ 12/09/97
Project Address........ 123 Anystreet ******* ---------------------
San Diego *v4.50* | _________________ |
Documentation Author... Mark Gallant, CEPE ******* | Building Permit # |
Gallant Energy Consulting | _________________ |
508 W Mission Ave Ste 201 | Plan Check / Date |
Escondido, CA 92025 | _________________ |
760-743-5408 | Field Check/ Date |
Climate Zone........... 07 ---------------------
Compliance Method...... MICROPAS4 v4.50 for 1995 Standards by Enercomp, Inc.
===============================================================================
| MICROPAS4 v4.50 File-TEST Wth-CTZ07S92 Program-FORM CF-1R |
| User#-MP1657 User-Gallant Energy Consulting Run-Typical House |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION
-------------------
Conditioned Floor Area..... 3170 sf
Building Type.............. Single Family Detached
Construction Type ......... New
Building Front Orientation. Cardinal - N,E,S,W
Number of Dwelling Units... 1
Number of Stories.......... 1
Floor Construction Type.... Slab On Grade
Glazing Percentage......... 20.6 % of floor area
Average Glazing U-value.... 0.78 Btu/hr-sf-F
BUILDING SHELL INSULATION
-------------------------
Component Frame Cavity Sheathing Insul Assembly
Type Type R-value R-value R-value U-value Location/Comments
------------ ------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------------------------
Wall Wood R-13 R-0 R-13 0.088 R-13 Typical
Wall Wood R-13 R-0 R-13 0.081 R-13 Garage
Roof Wood R-30 R-0 R-30 0.031 R-30 Typical
Door n/a R-0 R-n/a R-0 0.330 Solid Wood
SlabEdge n/a R-0 R-n/a R-0 0.900 To Outside
SlabEdge n/a R-0 R-n/a R-0 0.720 To Outside
SlabEdge n/a R-0 R-n/a R-0 0.550 To Garage
SlabEdge n/a R-0 R-n/a R-0 0.500 To Garage
FENESTRATION
------------
# of Interior Over-
Area U- Pan- Shading/ Exterior hang/ Framing
Orientation (sf) Value es Description Shading Fins Type
------------------- ----- ----- ---- --------------- ----------- ---- ---------
Window Front (N) 129.0 0.870 2 None None Yes Metal
Window Front (N) 4.5 0.720 2 None None Yes Metal
Window Right (W) 102.0 0.870 2 None None None Metal
Window Right (W) 30.0 0.720 2 None None None Metal
Window Back (S) 114.0 0.870 2 None None Yes Metal
Door Back (S) 168.0 0.550 2 None None Yes Wood
Window Left (E) 104.0 0.870 2 None None None Metal
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: RESIDENTIAL Page 2 CF-1R
===============================================================================
Project Title.......... Sample SF Subdivision Date........ 12/09/97
===============================================================================
| MICROPAS4 v4.50 File-TEST Wth-CTZ07S92 Program-FORM CF-1R |
| User#-MP1657 User-Gallant Energy Consulting Run-Typical House |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THERMAL MASS
------------
Area Thickness
Type Exposed (sf) (in) Location/Comments
------------ -------------- ------ --------- ------------------------
SlabOnGrade Yes 377 3.5 Exposed
SlabOnGrade No 2793 3.5 Covered
HVAC SYSTEMS
------------
Minimum Duct Duct Thermostat
Equipment Type Efficiency Location R-value Type
--------------- ------------ ------------- ------- ------------
Furnace 0.800 AFUE Attic R-4.2 Setback
ACSplit 10.00 SEER Attic R-4.2 Setback
WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
---------------------
Number Tank External
in Energy Size Insulation
Tank Type Heater Type Distribution Type System Factor (gal) R-value
------------ ----------- ------------------- ------ -------- ------ ----------
Storage Gas Standard 1 0.60 EF 50 R-0
SPECIAL FEATURES/REMARKS
------------------------
This is a multiple orientation building with no orientation restrictions.
This printout is for the front facing North.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE: RESIDENTIAL Page 3 CF-1R
===============================================================================
Project Title.......... Sample SF Subdivision Date........ 12/09/97
===============================================================================
| MICROPAS4 v4.50 File-TEST Wth-CTZ07S92 Program-FORM CF-1R |
| User#-MP1657 User-Gallant Energy Consulting Run-Typical House |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPLIANCE STATEMENT
--------------------
This certificate of compliance lists the building features and performance
specifications needed to comply with Title-24, Parts 1 and 6 of the
California Code of Regulations, and the administrative regulations to
implement them. This certificate has been signed by the individual with
overall design responsibility. When this certificate of compliance is
submitted for a single building plan to be built in multiple orientations,
any shading feature that is varied is indicated in the Special Features/
Remarks section.
DESIGNER or OWNER DOCUMENTATION AUTHOR
Name.... _________________________ Name.... Mark Gallant, CEPE
Company. ABC Company Company. Gallant Energy Consulting
Address. 101 Anystreet Address. 508 W Mission Ave Ste 201
San Diego CA 92101 Escondido, CA 92025
Phone... 619-555-1212 Phone... 760-743-5408
License. _________________________
Signed.. _________________________ Signed.. _________________________
(date) (date)
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
Name.... _________________________
Title... _________________________
Agency.. _________________________
_________________________
Phone... _________________________
Signed.. _________________________
(date)